Exodontia

* DEFINITION :-
 - It is defined as painless removal of whole tooth or root from its socket with miniml trauma
   to the investing tissues thus heal uneventful and minimal post operative
   prosthetic problems.

* INDICATION :-
1.Deep carious tooth with pulpal pathology
2.Superneumerary tooth
3.retained decidious teeth
4.Teeth with apical pathology
5.malpositioned and overerupted tooth
6.periodontitis
7.Teeth in line of fracture
8.Tooth with fractured root
9.For orthodontic purpose
10.For prosthetic purpose

* CONTRAINDICATION :-
A. Relative contraindication
- Diabetes
- hypertension
- Cardiac disease
- Renal disease
- Patient on steroid therapy
- Patient on anticoagulant therapy
- Pregnancy
- Blood dyscrasias
- Toxic goitre
- Jaundice or hepatitis
- medically compromised patients
B. Absolute contraindication
- Uncontrolled diabetes
- Leukaemia
- Renal failure
- Cirrhosis of liver
- Cardiac disease

* PRINCIPLES OF TOOTH REMOVAL :-
1. Access and visual field
 - it is important for easy removal of teeth
2. Use of controlled force
3. Unimpeded path of removal
- where there is any resistance to removal, sectioning of tooth should be done.

* TECHNIQUES OF EXTRACTION OF TEETH :-
1.Closed or intra-alveolar
 - tooth is extracted using forceps.
2.Open or transalveolar
 - mucoperiosteal flap is elevated and tooth is removed surgically.

* COMPLICATIONS OF EXTRACTION :-
 1.Complications occuring during surgical procedure
 - soft tissue injury
 - Extraction of wrong tooth
 - Fracture of teeth during extraction
 - Fracture  of tooth root during extraction
 - Fracture of alveolar
 - Fracture of tuberosity
 - Fracture of mandible
 - Breakage of instrument
 - injury to lingual nerve
 - Aspiration of teeth
2. Complications occuring after surgical procedure
- Presence of boly spicule
- Haemorrhage
- Dry socket
- Infection