Armamentarium in Oral Sugery

# AIRWAY MAINTENANCE  /ANESTHESIA

A. LARYNGOSCOPE

     - It is a device used to view larynx and adjacent structure.

     - two types:-

       1.rigid laryngoscope = parts - a. Blade

                                                       b. Handle

       2.flexible laryngoscope = parts

                                                 a. Light source

                                                 b. Handle

                                                 c. Insretion portion

                                                 d. Accessories

B. OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

 - helps to maintain an open airway, prevent patient biting and occluding tracheal tube,

   Protect tongue from biting and facilitate suctioning, etc.

C. NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

 - It is also called as nasal airway or nasal trumpet.

- It is used as an alternative to oral airway.

D. ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE

 - It is inserted into the trachea and used to conduct gases and vapours to and from the lungs.

E. TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE

 - Use to secure airway and ventilation

 - mostly used in case of emergency airway management, sometimes used electively.

[x]  PRESURGICAL ASEPSIS AND DRAPINA.

A. SWAB HOLDER

 - Used to hold the swab and paint the surgical area with antiseptic preoperatively.

 - with the long blade which has fenestration a Serrations.

B. TOWEL CLIP

 - Used to maintain surgical towels and drapes in the correct position during an operation.

 - To stabilize suction tubes, motor cables.

[x]  SOFT TISSUE HANDLING ARMAMENTARIUM

A. SCALPEL

 - Use to make incision and excise soft tissues.

 - Composed of: 1.handle

                           2.blades

- Use of different blades:-

    No. 10 - for making skin incisions

    No. 11 - for making stab incisions in a case of draining pus.

    No. 12 and 15 - for surgeries in mucogingival Areas and other areas of the oral cavity.

B. SCISSORS

- Use for cutting soft tissues and suture material.

- straight and curved surgical scissors.

C. DISSECTING FORCEPS

 1.TOOTHED FORCEP

  - Used to hold tough tissues as skin, fascia,cartilage, and bone.

    E.G: Adson tissue holding forceps

2. NONTOOTHED FORCEPS

 - Used to manipulate delicate tissues as small Ducts,blood vessels and for suture removal.

D. TISSUE FORCEPS

 -  TYPES :-

    1.ALLIS  FORCEPS

     - Indicated for excision of fibrous tissue layers.

    2.OTHERS FORCEPS

    - Used to grasp heavy tissues and as a clamp.

E. HAEMOSTATE

 - Used to control bleeding

F. NEEDLE HOLDER

- used to hold needles during suturing procedure.

G. RETRACTORS

 - Used to retract cheek, lip, and tongue during the procedure to get access and visibility.

 1.langenback retractor

 2.austin's retractor

 3.obwegeser's coronoid ramus retractor

 4.cat's pow retractor

 5.alar retractor

 6.nasal speculum

 7.tongue depressor

H. Lister's sinus forceps

 - used for creating an opening into an abscess by Hilton's operation. Helps in draining of

   abscess.

[x]  HARD TISSUE HANDLING INSTRUMENT

A. PERIOSTEAL ELEVATOR

 - used in extraction for initially elevate the gingiva as well as in extraction by wedge

   principle.

B. CHISEL

 - It is a mono-bevelled instrument.

 - use for cutting and removal of bone... With bevel facing towards the bone

C. OSTEOTOME

 - it is a bibevelled instrument.

- used for splitting of bone and tooth.

D. MELLET

E. RONGEURS

- Used to trim irregular bone( secondary alveoloplasty) or used after multiple extractions.

F. BONE FILE

- Used for smoothening of bone dring extraction or during alveoloplasty.

G. CURETTES

- It is a spoon shaped instrument used ti debride infected cavities, granulation tissues,

  small periapical cyst from tooth socket.

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